← 📐 Mathematics · usually met in Std 7-12
Making sense of data, and reasoning about things that have not happened yet. Both are easy to do badly and worth doing well.
Mean, median and mode are three different answers to 'what is typical', and they can be far apart. A single very large value drags the mean and leaves the median alone, which is why average income and median income tell different stories about the same country. Spread matters as much as centre: two classes with the same average can be nothing alike.
Probability measures how likely something is, from 0 to 1. The commonest error is to think past results change future ones in independent events — a coin that has come up heads five times is still an even chance next throw. The second commonest is confusing correlation with cause: two things that move together may both be driven by a third, or may have nothing to do with each other at all.
Want to see it moving? Search YouTube for “Statistics and probability” ↗ — we send you to the search rather than to one video, because a link to one video eventually rots.
This entry was written for Star Student in our own words — it is a summary, not a source. Here is where the people who actually hold these facts keep them. Go and check.
Your own textbook ↗Balbharati publishes the textbooks free to read online. Your chapter is the thing to check first — an encyclopedia is a summary, and the syllabus is the syllabus.Last gone through: 1 October 2026 · How these entries are written
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